Television isn’t a traditional academic source. But if you’ve seen an insightful programme, or you’re writing about television in an essay, you may need to cite a TV show. Let’s see how this works in Chicago footnote referencing.
In Chicago footnote referencing, you cite sources in footnotes. And the first time you cite a TV show, you will need the following information:
The generic format for the first footnote citation of a TV show is therefore:
n. Name of TV Show, series and episode number, ‘Episode Title’, roles and names of main creators, featured performers, date and channel of first airing, medium or URL.
You might not need all this information in practice, but make sure to include enough details for your reader to find the version of the show you’ve cited.
For instance, we could cite an episode of a documentary as follows:
1. Once Upon a Time in Iraq, series 1, episode 3, ‘Fallujah’, directed by James Bluemel, aired 15 July 2020, on BBC 2, https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p08kr4ws/once-upon-a-time-in-iraq-series-1-3-fallujah.
If we then cited the same source again, we would use a shortened footnote format. For a TV show, this is usually just the series and episode name.
If you reference a specific part of a TV show in your writing, you may want to give a pinpoint citation. But since TV shows don’t have page numbers like books and print articles, this means using a time stamp.
As such, you’ll want to give the hour, minute and second of the moment you’ve quoted at the end of your footnote citation:
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2. Monty Python’s Flying Circus, series three, episode 9, ‘The Nude Man’, written by Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin, directed by Ian MacNaughton, aired 14 December 1972, on BBC1, Sony Pictures, 2007, DVD, 00:15:45.
Here, the ‘00:15:45’ at the end of the footnote shows us the exact part of the episode cited. A reader would then be able to look this up to check, for instance, whether we’ve quoted it correctly.
Finally, if you cite a TV show in your work, you’ll need to include it in the bibliography at the end of your document, too. The format here is typically:
Surname, First Name, role. Name of TV Show. Series and episode number, ‘Episode Title’. Featured contributors. Date and channel of first airing. Medium or URL.
The main difference is that we give the names of the creators first, inverting the first name listed. This is so you can list TV shows alphabetically by with other sources that are listed by author surname.
In practice, then, we’d list the shows from the examples above as follows:
Bluemel, James, dir. Once Upon a Time in Iraq. Series 1, episode 3, ‘Fallujah’. Aired 15 July 2020, on BBC 2. https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p08kr4ws/once-upon-a-time-in-iraq-series-1-3-fallujah.
Chapman, Graham, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin, writers. Monty Python’s Flying Circus. Series three, episode 9, ‘The Nude Man’. Directed by Ian MacNaughton. Aired 14 December 1972, on BBC1. Sony Pictures, 2007, DVD.
We hope this has helped you with citing a TV show using Chicago footnote referencing! If you’re looking to cross your Ts and dot your Is, you may also be interested in reading our post addressing whether the word “series” should be considered singular or plural. And if you’d like an expert to check the referencing in your work, don’t forget to submit your documents for proofreading!
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